宫春波，郑重，董峰光，王朝霞*
（烟台市疾病预防控制中心，山东 烟台 264003）
摘要：了解社区、学校、家庭终端直饮水水质卫生状况，为标准制定、部门监管、居民饮用提供依据。采用分层随机采样方法，2019 年6~11 月于家庭、社区、学校无菌采集232 份样本，按照《2019 年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》规定的检验标准操作程序进行菌落总数、大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌的检测。在232 份样本中菌落总数、大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌的检出率分别为84.05%、3.02%、7.33%，菌落总数是直饮水主要污染因子，铜绿假单胞菌是主要病原微生物危害因子，总体超标率9.48%。采集环节比较超标率为：家庭>学校>社区，分别为12.68%、8.97%、7.23%，组间差异没有统计学意义（χ2=1.36，P>0.05）。菌落总数、大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌的检出率未呈现季节性规律性变化，各月份样本中微生物污染程度各异，超标率由大到小为：11 月份>6 月份>9 月份>10 月份> 8 月份>7 月份，分别为15.00%、13.89%、11.76%、6.25%、5.88%、5.00%，组间差异没有统计学意义（χ2=4.47，P>0.05）。存在单一样本菌落总数、大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌多重污染的情况。终端直饮水普遍存在菌落总数、大肠菌群和铜绿假单胞菌污染，菌落总数是主要污染因子。
关键词：直饮水；微生物；污染；调查；分析
Survey of Microbial Contamination Status in Terminal Equipment Direct Drinking Water Sampled Yantai City
GONG Chun-bo，ZHENG Zhong，DONG Feng-guang，WANG Zhao-xia*
（Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Yantai 264003，China）
Abstract: To investigate terminal equipment direct drinking water quality and sanitation status that sampled fromcommunity，school and home，and to provide evidence for the setting of standard，department supervision andconsumer consumption. 232 samples were randomly sampled from community，school and home during June toNovember of 2019. The aerobic plate count，coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in accordancewith standard operating procedure provided by manual of China national food contamination and harmful factors riskmonitoring 2019. The positive detection rates of aerobic plate count. Coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 232samples were 84.05%，3.02% and 7.33%，respectively，the aerobic plate count was main contamination factor of finedrinking water，while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the main pathogenic bacteria. The overall exceeded the standardrate of terminal equipment fine drinking water was 9.48%.The exceeded the standard rate ranked in order of high wasthe family，schools and community，compared the sampling link，which was 12.68%、8.97% and 7.23%，respectively，and was not statistically significant between the groups （χ2=1.36 ，P>0.05）. There was not seasonal variationregularity of the detection rate to the aerobic plate count，coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The was differentof exceeded the standard rate for every months，which was November > June > September > October > August >July，in order from higher to low，the exceeded the standard rate was 15.00%，13.89%，11.76%，6.25%，5.88% and5.00%，respectively. There was not statistically significant between the groups（χ2=4.47，P>0.05）. There were multiplecontaminations of the aerobic plate count，coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a single sample. The terminal equipment fine drinking water was commonly contaminated by aerobic plate count，coliforms and Pseudomonasaeruginosa，the aerobic plate count was the main pollution factor.
Key words: fine drinking water；microbes；contamination；investigation；analysis
中图分类号：TSR155.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1007-7871（2021）03-0048-05
2021，Vol.24，No.3